Accelerometer-measured Physical Activity Research Articles

Cross-sectional associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity and hip bone mineral density. The Tromsø study 2015–2016

Cross-sectional associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity and hip bone mineral density. The Tromsø study 2015–2016

Changes in Accelerometer-measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior From Before to After COVID-19 Outbreak in Workers.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have reduced opportunities for engaging in physical activity (PA) and increased sedentary behavior (SB) among workers. However, most previous studies used self-reported assessments. This study aimed to examine the changes in accelerometer-measured PA and SB from before to after COVID-19 outbreak among Japanese workers. This 1-year longitudinal study used data from the annual health check-ups of workers who lived in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Baseline and follow-up data were collected from June to November of 2019 and June to November of 2020, respectively. Participants were asked to wear the accelerometer on their hip during awake hours for at least 10 days in both the surveys. Before the analysis, considering the difference in wearing time, time spent in PA and SB were converted to the percentage of wearing time. To investigate the changes in PA or SB from before to during COVID-19 outbreak, paired t-tests were performed. Of the 757 eligible participants, 536 were included in the analysis (70.8%). Participants' mean age was 53.3 years, 69.6% were female, and most were full-time employees. Time spent in PA decreased, regardless of weekdays or weekends, although changes on the weekends were not significant. Conversely, time spent in SB increased on both weekdays and weekends in 2020. These changes corresponded to approximately 10 minutes per day decrease in PA and increase in SB. Objectively measured PA decreased and SB increased by approximately 10 minutes per day after the COVID-19 outbreak among Japanese workers.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with C-reactive protein in US adults who get insufficient sleep: A threshold and isotemporal substitution effect analysis

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and chronic inflammation in short sleep adults. The study included 2,113 NHANES participants with self-reported insufficient sleep. C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as the inflammatory biomarker. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were objectively measured by accelerometers. Weighted regression model, two – piecewise linear regression model, and restricted cubic splines were applied to evaluate associations mentioned above. An isotemporal substitution model was used to assess the modelled effects of replacing sedentary time (ST) with moderate-to-vigorous levels of physical activity (MVPA) or light physical activity (LPA). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, higher levels of ST and lower levels of LPA or MVPA were associated with higher CRP levels. Isotemporal substitution analysis indicated that replacing 30 minutes of ST with 30 minutes of MVPA was associated with a significant decrease in CRP levels. Saturation analysis suggested that the association between MVPA and CRP may plateau at over 20 minutes of MVPA per day. Findings of this study provides insight into the potential benefits of replacing ST with MVPA. This study also suggests that increasing MVPA beyond a certain point may not provide additional anti-inflammatory benefits in a short sleep population.

Are accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times associated with muscle mass and strength in healthy young adults in the UAE?

BackgroundA high prevalence of obesity, sedentary behavior, and physical inactivity could affect muscle mass and strength in young adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Therefore, we investigated the association of sex, body mass index (BMI), and accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity (PA) times with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), hand grip, and thigh muscle strength in healthy young adults in the UAE. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 156 healthy young adults (age 21.68 ± 3.01 years, BMI 25.40 ± 4.79 kg/m2, 52.6 % women) were included. BMI and muscle mass were recorded using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Maximum hand grip strength and thigh muscle torque were assessed using the Jamar-smart hand-dynamometer and Biodex System-4-Pro, respectively. Participants wore a triaxial Fibion accelerometer on their anterior thigh for >10 h per day for 4–7 days to measure their sitting and PA times. Multiple linear regression analyses were used. ResultsParticipants spent most of their time sitting (11.37 ± 1.10 h), followed by standing (2.92 ± 0.86 h), walking (1.58 ± 0.55 h), and vigorous intensity PA (4.79 ± 5.85 min) per 16-h day. Sex (p < 0.001) and BMI (p < 0.001) were negatively associated with all muscle mass and strength variables. Men had more muscle mass and strength than women. As BMI increased, muscle mass and muscle strength decreased. Accelerometer-measured sitting and walking times were negatively associated with concentric hamstrings (p = 0.044) and quadriceps torques (p = 0.031), respectively. ConclusionSex, BMI, and accelerometer-measured sitting and walking times were associated with muscle mass and/or muscle strength in healthy young adults. Women and those with a high BMI need interventions to improve their muscle mass and strength. The paradox regarding the association of PA with muscle mass and strength in younger adults may be due to possible influences from other factors (e.g., resistance training, dietary intakes, etc.) superseding that of accelerometer-measured PA.

Intensity-specific physical activity measured by accelerometer and the risk of mortality among individuals with cardiometabolic diseases: A prospective study from the UK biobank

BackgroundWhile the health benefits of physical activity for general population are well-recognized, the prospective associations of physical activity volume and intensity with mortality among cardiometabolic disease individuals remain unclear. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the associations of accelerometer-measured intensity-specific physical activity with mortality risk among population with cardiometabolic disease. DesignProspective cohort study. SettingParticipants were recruited from the United Kingdom (UK) across 22 assessment centers from 2006 to 2010. ParticipantsA total of 9524 participants from the UK Biobank (median: 67.00 years, interquartile range: 61.00–70.00 years) were included in final study. MethodsAccelerometer-measured total volume, moderate-to-vigorous and light intensity physical activity collecting from 2013 to 2015 were quantified using a machine learning model. Multivariable restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional hazard models with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to examine the associations of interests. ResultsDuring the follow-up period (median: 6.87 years; interquartile range: 6.32–7.39 years), there were 659 (6.92 %) death events with 218 (2.29 %) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 441 (4.63 %) non-cardiovascular disease-related deaths separately. In the fully adjusted models, compared with participants in the lowest quartiles of total volume, moderate-to-vigorous and light physical activity, the adjusted HRs (95 % CIs) of all-cause mortality for those in the highest quartiles were 0.40 (0.31, 0.52), 0.48 (0.37, 0.61), and 0.56 (0.44, 0.71) while those for cardiovascular diseases-related mortality were 0.35 (0.22, 0.55), 0.52 (0.35, 0.78) and 0.59 (0.39, 0.88), and for non-cardiovascular diseases-related mortality, they were 0.42 (0.30, 0.59), 0.40 (0.29, 0.54) and 0.54 (0.40, 0.73), separately. The optimal moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity level for cardiovascular diseases-related mortality reduction was found to be in the third quartile (17.75–35.33 mins/day). Furthermore, the observed inverse associations were mainly non-linear. ConclusionsPromoting physical activity, regardless of intensity, is essential for individuals with cardiometabolic disease to reduce mortality risk. For both all-cause and cardiovascular disease-related and non-cardiovascular disease-related mortality, the observed decrease in risk seems to level off at a moderate level. The current findings deriving from precise device-based physical activity data provide inference for secondary prevention of cardiometabolic disease.

Tiredness after work associates with less leisure-time physical activity

Physical activities and sedentary behaviors take place in different contexts. This study aimed to determine if the context, total score, and leisure-time MET-index assessed by the Baecke questionnaire associate with each other or with sedentary behavior and physical activity outcomes from a 4-week accelerometer measurement in physically inactive adults with overweight. The item “After working I am tired” correlated negatively with items related to leisure-time physical activity and sports participation. The total Baecke Score showed weak but significant correlations with accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior, physical activity, daily steps, and mean activity intensity of the day (r = − 0.33, 0.41, 0.35, and 0.41, respectively). The associations strengthened when the Sport Index was omitted from the Score. The leisure-time MET-Index did not correlate with accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior or physical activity. Tiredness after working associated with less self-reported physical activity during leisure time. This suggests that better recovery from work-related stress could increase leisure-time physical activity, or increasing leisure-time physical activity could reduce tiredness after working. Moreover, among self-reportedly inactive adults with overweight, focusing the questionnaire on work and non-sport leisure time instead of total time might give more accurate estimates of sedentary behavior and physical activity when compared to accelerometry.The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03101228, 05/04/2017).

Association between accelerometer-derived physical activity and depression: a cross-sectional study using isotemporal substitution analysis

ObjectivesDepression is a significant public health concern, and physical activity has been identified as a non-pharmacological intervention. Understanding the dose–response relationship between physical activity and depression is crucial for designing...

310 Digital Physical Activity Phenotype before Cerebrovascular Disease: A Retrospective Study of Accelerometer-Measured Behavior in UK Biobank Observational Cohort

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To investigate digital behavior patterns before cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), we compared accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) phenotypes of future CeVD patients versus controls in UK Biobank. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Accelerometer data from 76,525 eligible participants monitored for 7-days (Jan. 2013-Dec. 2015) was classified into four categories: sedentary, light PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and sleep. Covariables and diagnoses were defined using baseline data and patient records. Daily PA patterns associated with incident CeVD were compared to controls using negative binomial regression models. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Adult participants with future CeVD (n = 2,163) spent 4.4% less time in MVPA (Incident Rate-Ratio (IRR) 0.956; 95% CI = 0.923-0.992; p = 0.016) compared to controls. During 0:00-5:59h (midnight to 5:59AM), future CeVD patients were less likely to sleep (IRR = 0.985; 95% CI = 0.977-0.992; p &lt;0.001) but more likely to be sedentary (IRR = 1.189; 95% CI = 1.098-1.290; p &lt;0.001) or in LPA (IRR = 1.108; 95% CI = 1.015-1.211; p &lt;0.001). In subgroup analyses, decreased MVPA was observed in current/former smokers (IRR = 0.887; 95% CI = 0.819-0.963), males (IRR = 0.931; 95% CI = 0.870-0.997), and the unemployed/retired (IRR = 0.923; 95% CI = 0.856-0.998), an effect more pronounced in depressed patients (p for interaction = 0.044) and prolonged (&gt; 2 hr/day) screen users (p for interaction = 0.018). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The digital phenotype of PA prior to CeVD is characterized by less sleep during 0:00-5:59h and less daily MVPA, demonstrating the utility of accelerometer data in identifying candidates for preventative intervention.

Potential causal associations between leisure sedentary behaviors, physical activity, sleep traits, and myopia: a Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundMyopia is the most prevalent refractive error and a growing global health concern that significantly affects visual function. Researchers have recently emphasized considerably on the influence of lifestyle on myopia incidence and development. This study investigates the relationship between leisure sedentary behaviors (LSB)/physical activity (PA)/sleep traits and myopia.MethodsLSB, PA, and sleep trait-associated genetic variants were used as instrument variables in a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine their causal effects on myopia. Summary genome-wide association studies (GWASs) statistical data for LSB and PA were obtained from UK Biobank, and the data of sleep traits was obtained from UK Biobank, UK Biobank and 23andMe, and FinnGen. We used summary statistics data for myopia from MRC IEU. The MR analyses was performed using the inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier methods.ResultsComputer use was genetically predicted to increase the myopia risk [IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.057; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.038–1.078; P = 7.04 × 10− 9]. The self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (IVW OR = 0.962; 95% CI, 0.932–0.993; P = 1.57 × 10− 2) and television watching (IVW OR = 0.973; 95% CI, 0.961–0.985, P = 1.93 × 10− 5) were significantly associated with a lower myopia risk. However, genetically predicted sleep traits or accelerometer-measured physical activity had no significant associations with myopia.ConclusionOur results indicated that computer use is a risk factor for myopia, whereas television watching and MVPA may protect against myopia. These findings shed new light on possible strategies for reducing the prevalence of myopia.

Low physical activity is a risk factor for sarcopenia: a cross-sectional analysis of two exercise trials on community-dwelling older adults

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is an important factor in the development of sarcopenia. This cross-sectional study explores the prevalence of sarcopenia and associations of physical activity (PA) with sarcopenia in two exercise trial populations. These study groups are clinically meaningful community-dwelling populations at increased risk for sarcopenia: older adults not meeting the PA guidelines and those with a recent hip fracture (HF).MethodsData from 313 older adults who did not meet the PA guidelines (60% women; age 74.5 ± 3.8, body mass index 27.9 ± 4.7) and 77 individuals with HF diagnosed on average 70 ± 28 days earlier (75% women; age 79.3 ± 7.1, body mass index 25.3 ± 3.6) were included in this study. Grip strength and muscle mass (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA] in older adults not meeting the PA guidelines and bioimpedance analysis in participants with HF) were used to assess sarcopenia according to the European Working Group in Older People 2019 (EWGSOP2) criteria. The current level of PA was self-reported using a question with seven response options in both study groups and was measured with a hip-worn accelerometer for seven consecutive days in older adults not meeting the PA guidelines.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia and probable sarcopenia was 3% (n = 8) and 13% (n = 41) in the older adults not meeting the PA guidelines and 3% (n = 2) and 40% (n = 31) in the HF group, respectively. In the age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression model, the lowest levels of self-reported PA were associated with increased probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia risk in older adults not meeting the PA guidelines (OR 2.8, 95% CI, 1.3–6.1, p = 0.009) and in the HF group (OR 3.9, 95% CI, 1.4–11.3, p = 0.012). No significant associations between accelerometer-measured PA and probable sarcopenia or sarcopenia were found.ConclusionsProbable sarcopenia is common among community-dwelling older adults not meeting the PA guidelines and very common among individuals recovering from HF who are able to be involved in exercise interventions. In addition, since low PA is associated with higher probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia risk, it is recommended to screen for sarcopenia and promote regular physical activity to prevent sarcopenia in these populations.

Factors associated with physical activity following total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis: a longitudinal study.

After total knee arthroplasty (TKA), patients' physical activity (PA) levels at 6 months are lower than those of healthy subjects. Few studies have investigated the factors associated with PA at 6 months after TKA by objectively measuring preoperative and postoperative PA intensity using an accelerometer and knee function using a goniometer and dynamometer. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with PA levels at 6 months after TKA based on objective data. Eighty-two patients (mean [SD] age 74.5 [6.4] years) with moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis (OA) who were scheduled for TKA at the Nagoya Orthopaedic and Joint Replacement Clinic from July 2018 to July 2019 were enrolled in this longitudinal study. All patients underwent evaluations of knee function, including range-of-motion and knee-extension muscle strength; knee pain; performance in the timed up-and-go test; and accelerometer-measured PA both preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Factors associated with PA at 6 months after TKA were assessed using a hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and presence of diabetes mellitus. A higher average daily step count at 6 months after TKA was significantly associated with greater preoperative knee-extension muscle strength on the operated side (β = 0.155, p = 0.028) as well as a higher preoperative average daily step count (β = 0.834, p < 0.001). Furthermore, average daily time spent in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA postoperatively was significantly associated only with time spent in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA preoperatively (β = 0.723, p < 0.001). These findings indicate that a higher preoperative daily step count and greater preoperative knee-extension muscle strength on the operated side may be associated with a higher daily step count at 6 months after TKA. Factors associated with PA differed by the PA intensity level. Rehabilitation and interventions for psychosocial factors before TKA beginning when mild knee OA first occurs are expected to lead to increased PA in TKA patients.

Associations between physical activity and development in preschool-aged children born

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) on development (motor, cognitive, social-emotional) in children 4–5 years old born <30 weeks’ gestation, and to describe subgroups of children at risk...

Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Heart Failure Risk in Women Aged 63 to 99 Years

Heart failure (HF) prevention is paramount to public health in the 21st century. To examine incident HF and its subtypes with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced EF (HFrEF) according to accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time. This was a prospective cohort study, the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) in Older Women study, conducted from March 2012 to April 2014. Included in the analysis were women aged 63 to 99 years without known HF, who completed hip-worn triaxial accelerometry for 7 consecutive days. Follow-up for incident HF occurred through February 2022. Data were analyzed from March to December 2023. Daily PA (total, light, moderate to vigorous PA [MVPA], steps) and sedentary (total, mean bout duration) behavior. Adjudicated incident HF, HFpEF, and HFrEF. A total of 5951 women (mean [SD] age, 78.6 [6.8] years) without known HF were included in this analysis. Women self-identified with the following race and ethnicity categories: 2004 non-Hispanic Black (33.7%), 1022 Hispanic (17.2%), and 2925 non-Hispanic White (49.2%). There were 407 HF cases (257 HFpEF; 110 HFrEF) identified through a mean (SD) of 7.5 (2.6) years (range, 0.01-9.9 years) of follow-up. Fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for overall HF, HFpEF, and HFrEF associated with a 1-SD increment were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75-0.95), 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67-0.91), and 1.02 (95% CI, 0.81-1.28) for minutes per day total PA; 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63-0.88), 0.71 (95% CI, 0.57-0.88), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.62-1.12) for steps per day; and 1.17 (95% CI, 1.04-1.33), 1.29 (95% CI, 1.10-1.51), and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.75-1.18) for minutes per day total sedentary. Cubic spline curves for overall HF and HFpEF were significant inverse for total PA and steps per day and positive for total sedentary. Light PA and MVPA were inversely associated with overall HF (HR per 1 SD: 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98 and 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.97) and HFpEF (0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.93 and 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72-1.01) but not HFrEF. Associations did not meaningfully differ when stratified by age, race and ethnicity, body mass index, physical function, or comorbidity score. Results for sedentary bout duration were inconsistent. Higher accelerometer-measured PA (MVPA, light PA, steps per day) was associated with lower risk (and greater total sedentary time with higher risk) of overall HF and HFpEF in a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of older women. Increasing PA and reducing sedentary time for primary HFpEF prevention may have relevant implications for cardiovascular resilience and healthy aging in later life.

Accelerometer-measured 24-hour movement behaviours over 7 days in Malaysian children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study.

Quantifying movement behaviours over 24-hours enables the combined effects of and inter-relations between sleep, sedentary time and physical activity (PA) to be understood. This is the first study describing 24-hour movement behaviours in school-aged children and adolescents in South-East Asia. Further aims were to investigate between-participant differences in movement behaviours by demographic characteristics and timing of data collection during Ramadan and COVID-19 restrictions. Data came from the South-East Asia Community Observatory health surveillance cohort, 2021-2022. Children aged 7-18 years within selected households in Segamat, Malaysia wore an Axivity AX6 accelerometer on their wrist for 24 hours/day over 7 days, completed the PAQ-C questionnaire, and demographic information was obtained. Accelerometer data was processed using GGIR to determine time spent asleep, inactive, in light-intensity PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Differences in accelerometer-measured PA by demographic characteristics (sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic group) were explored using univariate linear regression. Differences between data collected during vs outside Ramadan or during vs after COVID-19 restrictions, were investigated through univariate and multiple linear regressions, adjusted for age, sex and ethnicity. The 491 participants providing accelerometer data spent 8.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.9-8.4) hours/day asleep, 12.4 (95% CI = 12.2-12.7) hours/day inactive, 2.8 (95% CI = 2.7-2.9) hours/day in LPA, and 33.0 (95% CI = 31.0-35.1) minutes/day in MVPA. Greater PA and less time inactive were observed in boys vs girls, children vs adolescents, Indian and Chinese vs Malay children and higher income vs lower income households. Data collection during Ramadan or during COVID-19 restrictions were not associated with MVPA engagement after adjustment for demographic characteristics. Demographic characteristics remained the strongest correlates of accelerometer-measured 24-hour movement behaviours in Malaysian children and adolescents. Future studies should seek to understand why predominantly girls, adolescents and children from Malay ethnicities have particularly low movement behaviours within Malaysia.

Association of accelerometer-measured physical activity and its change with progression to chronic kidney disease in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity

ObjectiveTo examine the long-term association of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and its longitudinal changes with progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)...

Feasibility and acceptability of a contextualized physical activity and diet intervention for the control of hypertension in adults from a rural subdistrict: a study protocol (HYPHEN)

IntroductionIn rural and remote South Africa, most strokes and ischaemic heart diseases are as a consequence of hypertension, which is a modifiable risk factor. The widely recommended therapeutic approaches to control hypertension are through physical activity and diet modifications. However, there is a lack of culturally sensitive community-based, lifestyle interventions to control hypertension among rural African adult populations. We designed an intervention which recommends adjusting daily routine physical activity and dietary behaviour of adults with hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of HYPHEN in a rural community setting.MethodsWe aim to recruit 30 adult participants with a self-report hypertension diagnosis. A one-arm, prospective design will be used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of recruitment, uptake, engagement, and completion of the 10-week intervention. Recruitment rates will be assessed at week 0. Intervention uptake, engagement, and adherence to the intervention will be assessed weekly via telephone. Blood pressure, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, urinary sodium, accelerometer-measured physical activity, and 24-h diet recall will be assessed at baseline and at 10 weeks. Qualitative semi-structured interviews will be conducted at 10 weeks to explore feasibility and acceptability.DiscussionThis study offers a person-centred, sociocultural approach to hypertension control through adaptations to physical activity and dietary intake. This study will determine whether HYPHEN is feasible and acceptable and will inform changes to the protocol/focus that could be tested in a full trial.Trial registration numberPACTR202306662753321.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and risk of incident pelvic organ prolapse: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank

BackgroundPrevious studies on physical activity (PA) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) were largely limited to self-reported PA in athletes, soldiers, and women in postpartum. We aimed to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured PA and sedentary behavior with the risk of POP in middle-aged and elderly women.MethodsIn this prospective cohort derived from the UK Biobank, the intensity and duration of PA and sedentary behavior were measured with wrist-worn accelerometers over a 7-day period in 2013–2015 for 47,674 participants (aged 42.8–77.9 years) without pre-existing POP. Participants were followed up until the end of 2022, during which incident POP was ascertained mainly by the electronic health records. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the associations of interest. Isotemporal substitution models were applied to test the effects of substituting a type of activity with equivalent duration of others.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 8.0 years, 779 cases of POP were recorded. The duration of light-intensity PA (LPA) was positively whereas sedentary time was negatively associated with the risk of POP. Every additional 1 h/day of LPA elevated the risk of POP by 18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10%–26%). In contrast, the risk decreased by 5% (95% CI, 0–8%) per 1 h/day increment in sedentary behavior. No associations were found between moderate-intensity PA (MPA) or vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) and POP, except that women who had a history of hysterectomy were more likely to develop POP when performing more VPA (53% higher risk for every additional 15 min/day). Substituting 1 h/day of LPA with equivalent sedentary time was associated with a 18% (95% CI, 11%–24%) lower risk of POP. The risk can also be reduced by 17% (95% CI, 7%–25%) through substituting 30 min/day of LPA with MPA.ConclusionsMore time spent in LPA or less sedentary time was linked to an elevated risk of POP in middle-aged and elderly women, while MPA or VPA was not. Substituting LPA with equivalent duration of sedentary behavior or MPA may lower the risk of POP.

Prospective associations between changes in physical activity and sedentary time and subsequent lean muscle mass in older English adults: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study

BackgroundThe longitudinal associations between physical behaviours and lean muscle mass indices need to be better understood to aid healthy ageing intervention development.MethodsWe assessed physical behaviours (total physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity, total sedentary time and prolonged sedentary bout time) for 7 days using hip-worn accelerometers. We also assessed domain-specific physical behaviours (walking, cycling, gardening and housework time) with self-report questionnaires at baseline (2006–2011) and follow-up (2012–2016) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study. We assessed body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at follow-up in 1535 participants (≥ 60 years at baseline). From this, we derived appendicular lean muscle mass (ALM) indices (% relative ALM = (ALM/total body weight)*100), body mass index (BMI)-scaled ALM (ALM/BMI, kg/kg/m2) and height-scaled ALM (ALM/height2, kg/m2)). We evaluated the prospective associations of both baseline and change in physical behaviours with follow-up muscle mass indices using multivariable linear regression.ResultsOver 5.5 years (SD 14.8) follow-up, higher baseline accelerometer-measured physical activity and lower sedentary time were associated with higher subsequent relative ALM and BMI-scaled ALM, but not height-scaled ALM (e.g. 0.02% higher subsequent relative ALM per minute/day of baseline MVPA for men). Greater increases in physical activity and greater declines in sedentary time variables were associated with higher subsequent relative ALM and BMI-scaled ALM, but not height-scaled ALM (e.g. 0.001 kg/kg/m2 subsequent BMI-scaled ALM and 0.04% subsequent relative ALM per min/day/year increases in LPA over follow-up; 0.001 kg/kg/m2 subsequent BMI-scaled ALM and -0.03% subsequent relative ALM per min/day/year less of total sedentary time over follow-up).Greater increases in women’s cycling and gardening over follow-up were associated with greater subsequent relative ALM (cycling 0.9% per hour/week/year; gardening 0.2% per hour/week/year) and BMI-scaled ALM (cycling 0.03 kg/kg/m2 per hour/week/year; gardening 0.004 kg/kg/m2 per hour/week/year).ConclusionPhysical behaviours across all intensities, and in women more specifically cycling and gardening, may help prevent age-related declines in muscle mass.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sample-based frailty in older women: does pattern really matter?

The relationship between the patterns of physical activity (PA) and frailty, including its various subdomains, remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the correlations between the patterns of physical activity and frailty and its various subdomains in community-dwelling older women. A cross-sectional study investigated the association between physical activity and frailty in 1,099 women aged between 60 to 70 years. Triaxial accelerometers were used to measure bouted PA (a minimum duration of 10 min) and sporadic PA (a duration of <10 min). Fried's frailty phenotype was utilized to evaluate the status of frailty. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Bouted moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and sporadic MVPA were associated with decreased odds of being prefrail and frail, and the optimal cutoff values were 6 and 19.7 for the prefrail stage and 6.6 and 19.4 min/day for the frail stage, respectively. Bouted light PA (LPA) was associated with decreased odds of being prefrail, and the optimal cutoff value was 170.2 min/day. Additionally, bouted and sporadic MVPA were associated with decreased odds of being slow and their optimal cutoff values were 5 and 19.1 min/day, respectively. Sporadic MVPA was associated with decreased odds of exhaustion, and the cutoff was 19.7 min/day. Bouted MVPA and LPA were associated with decreased odds of having low PA, and the cutoff values were 4.4 and 163.2 min/day, respectively. Any MVPA, regardless of bout duration, could be used as a suitable PA program to improve and prevent frailty in older women, such as bouted MVPA (4-5 times/week) or sporadic MVPA (20 min/day). The improvement effect of bouted and sporadic MVPA on the frailty of older people may not be affected by the subdomain. Additionally, bouted LPA was suitable for the management of prefrailty.

Increased Duration and Intensity of Physical Activity Are Associated With Increased Pain in Individuals With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

ObjectiveTo investigate the relation between accelerometer-measured physical activity and real-time pain in individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). We tested the hypothesis that increased duration of high intensity activity would contribute to momentary increases in pain. DesignObservational study. SettingParticipants’ natural, day-to-day environment. ParticipantsPopulation-based sample of 33 individuals with unilateral FAIS. Important eligibility criteria included no concomitant hip disorders or previous hip surgery. Key sociodemographic features include that all participants were required to have a smartphone. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresDuration and intensity of physical activity as measured by a waist-worn accelerometer, and instantaneous pain reported in real-time smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment surveys. Physical activity variables included each person's average sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the 90 minutes proceeding all pain surveys as well as fluctuation in sedentary, LPA, and MVPA above or below average prior to each individual survey. ResultsLinear mixed models revealed that the significant predictors of pain included fluctuation in sedentary time (B=-0.031, P<.001), average LPA (B=0.26, P=.035), and the interaction between fluctuation in LPA and fluctuation in MVPA (B=0.001, P<.001). Fluctuation in sedentary time above a person's average was associated with lower pain, while average LPA and fluctuations above average in both LPA and MVPA were associated with higher pain. ConclusionsThese results suggest that individuals with FAIS can engage in health-enhancing MVPA but should focus on avoiding concurrent increase above average in both high intensity and LPA in the same 90-minute period. Future work is warranted testing the efficacy of such an approach on pain. Additionally, given that high levels of LPA may arise from a host of socioeconomic factors, additional research is needed to disentangle the effect of LPA on pain in FAIS.